Google Search Engine Ranking Factors
Seomoz have a must read document on Google ranking factors , each factor is listed with description, importance, disagreement, and what contributors have to say about that factor, and I have to mention that 37 contributors have given their opinion on this paper. Most important factors : Keyword Use in Title Tag (4.9) Link Popularity within the Site’s Internal Link Structure (4.1) Global Link Popularity of Site (4.5) Anchor Text of Inbound Link (4.4) Server is Often Inaccessible to Bots (3.8)

See the article here:
Google Search Engine Ranking Factors